Viable But Non Culturable Bacteria Biology Essay

Reasonable But Non Culturable Bacteria Biology Essay Reasonable yet Non-Culturable state is a remarkable endurance procedure of numerous microorganisms in condition because of unfavorable natural conditions. VBNC microscopic organisms cannot be refined on routine microbiological media yet they stay practical and hold their destructive limit as well. VBNC microbes can be revived when given proper conditions. A decent number of microbes including numerous human pathogens have been accounted for to enter VBNC state. However, there was debates on the presence of VBNC in past, broad atomic investigations have settled the majority of them and VBNC has been acknowledged as unmistakable endurance state by all. VBNC microorganisms are considered as dangers to general wellbeing and sanitation due to their non-perceptibility and destructiveness as food and water have been accounted for to be tainted with pathogens at VBNC state however customary techniques pronounced them as sheltered and clean. Various flare-ups have additionally been accounted for where VBNC microorganisms has been ensnared as causative specialist. Further sub-atomic and combinatorial examination related to prescient displaying are expected to clarify the instruments and to recognize the basic focuses to handle the danger presented by VBNC microscopic organisms as to general wellbeing and sanitation. Catchphrases: VBNC, Pathogen, general wellbeing, Food security, Detection Presentation The cells that structure settlement in explicit media are the culturable cells. Reasonable methods metabolically or physiologically dynamic. So the phones those are metabolically or physiologically dynamic yet cant be refined on explicit media are the reasonable yet non-culturable cells (VBNC) (Bogosian Bourneuf, 2001). Most microorganisms developing in nature presently can't seem to be refined in the research center. Truth be told under 1% of the microorganisms in common water and soil tests are refined in reasonable tally techniques (Barcian Arana, 2009). In 1982, Prof. Rita Colwell and associates presented the term Viable But Non-Culturable Bacterial Cells (VBNC) to recognize specific cells that couldn't shape states on strong media however acquired metabolic movement and the capacity to stretch after the organization of supplements (Xu et al., 1982). As indicated by Oliver (1995), VBNC can be characterized as a metabolically dynamic bacterial cell that crossed a limit along these lines, for known or obscure reasons and become unfit to duplicate in or on a medium typically supporting its development. The greater part of the microorganisms that enter VBNC state are gram negative species having a place with the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria branch, aside from Rhizobium, Agrobacterium and Helicobacter-Campylobacter species (Oliver, 2000). History Debra Bashford and partners reported that they had recouped Vibrio cholerae from streams and seepage trench, incorporating locales with unimportant possibility of sewage sullying. Around a similar lime, Rita Colwell was additionally discovering Vibrio cholerae in Maryland. She and her associates demonstrated that both this bacterium and E. coli, hatched in counterfeit ocean water stayed practical however lost the ability to frame provinces on culture media (Colwell Grimes, 2000). Before long Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella sonnie and Legionella pneumophila joined the rundown of life forms known to be equipped for entering a state in which they neglected to appear on supplement agar yet took up substrates and motioned in different manners that they were unquestionably not dead. The utilization of lab media to recuperate and specify microscopic organisms and lo interface them with or vindicate them from obsessive and different exercises got out of date by the new disclosures and a ter m VBNC (feasible yet non-culturable) came (McDougald et al., 1998). VBNC Microorganisms that don't develop in culture strategies, yet which are still metabolically dynamic and fit for causing diseases in creatures and plants are supposed to be in VBNC state. The conditions for these living beings to continue development are not being met utilizing the typical lab culture conditions (Yamamoto, 2000). Microorganisms that have been semi-starved will quickly continue development when furnished with the proper supplements and conditions. Suitable yet non-culturable cells won't continue development in any event, when supplements are given (NystrãÆ'-m, 2001). VBNC cells show dynamic digestion as breath or maturation, join radioactive substrates, and have dynamic protein combination yet can't be refined or developed on customary research facility media. They have been distinguished by watching inconsistencies between plate tally specification of bacterial populace and direct recoloring and infinitesimal checks (Sachidanandham Gin, 2009). These cells might be of specific issues in the earth in the event that they are pathogens, for instance, reasonable yet non-culturable cells of Vibrio cholerae, Enteropathogenic E. coli, Legionella pneumophila and different other microscopic organisms have been appeared to recapture culturability after they have entered the intestinal tracts of creatures (Colwell et al., 1996). The VBNC state is characterized as a condition of torpidity activated by natural brutal conditions, for example, supplement starvation (Cook Bolster, 2007), temperature (Besnard et al., 2002), osmotic pressure (Asakura et al., 2008), oxygen accessibility (Kana et al., 2008), a few food additives (Quirã ³s et al., 2009), overwhelming metals (Ghezzi Steck, 1999), introduction to white light (Gourmelon et al., 1994) and disinfecting forms, as sanitization of milk (Gunasekera et al., 2002) and chlorination of wastewater (Oliver, 2005). VBNC state is accepted to be an interesting endurance technique of microscopic organisms in light of natural anxieties (Oliver, 2010). It is likewise considered as a significant supply of numerous human pathogens in the earth (Lleo et al., 2007). VBNC state has involved question for ling since its initiation, because of the trouble of separation of VBNC cells lethargic cells through revival phenotypic examinations, ongoing atomic investigations, information of which bolstered the presence of VBNC express, the contest has for the most part been settled (Barer and Harwood, 1999). VBNC Pathogens Following rundown incorporates however not restricted to pathogenic microscopic organisms that can enter VBNC state (Oliver, 2010)- Aeromonas hydrophila, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Burkholderia cepacia, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli (counting EHEC), Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Streptococcus faecalis, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus (types 1 and 2) Qualities of Bacteria in VBNC state 1. Keep up obvious cell respectability; 2. ownership of some type of quantifiable cell movement (Lai et al., 2009); 3. have obvious ability to recover culturability (Anuchin et al., 2009); 4. react to outer upgrade by explicit quality articulation (kell et al., 1998); 5. low metabolic action (oliver, 2005); 6. Display overshadowing (Costa et al., 1999); 7. diminished supplement transport; 8. High ATP level and high layer potential (Signoretto et al., 2000); 9. broad adjustments in cytoplasmic layer unsaturated fat pieces (Day Oliver, 2004); 10. Changes in cell divider peptidoglycan, for example, expanding cross connecting, expanding muropeptides bearing covalently bound lipoprotein shortening of normal length of glycan strands (signoretto et al., 2002); 11. Higher autolytic capacity than exponentially developing cells; 12. Plasmids are held; 13. changed anti-infection affectability as metabolic action is lower, most microbes at VBNC state exhibit high anti-infection opposition (Olive r, 2010); 14. Changes in external layer protein profile (Muela et al., 2008); 15. Constant quality articulation (Maalej et al., 2004) and so on. Conditions invigorating VBNC state In the earth, bacterial cells can enter VBNC state might be because of 1. Absence of supplements; 2. Absence of temperatures; 3. High weight; 4. Sharp changes in pH or saltiness (Cunningham et al., 2009); 5.damage to or absence of a fundamental cell part; 6. DNA harm; 7. enactment of lysogenic phages or self destruction qualities, for example, sok/hak or autolysins (Aizenman et al., 1996); 8. Supplement starvation; 9. brooding outside the ordinary temperature scope of development; 10. raised or lower osmotic fixations; 11. oxygen focuses (Mascher et al., 2000); 12. food additives; 13. Substantial metals (Del Campo et al., 2009); 14. introduction to white light; 15. purification of milk (Gunasekara et al., 2002); 16. chlorination of wastewater (Oliver, 2005) and so forth. General wellbeing criticalness of VBNC In spite of the fact that destructiveness of microorganisms in VBNC state is as yet not extremely clear, many accepted that pathogens in VBNC state can't initiate contamination/malady yet at the same time hold their harmful properties can possibly cause illness disease following revival and resume of dynamic metabolic state, which happens when they go through host creature (Baffone et al., 2003). The VBNC state has all the earmarks of being the normal to numerous microbes particularly those which have sea-going natural surroundings, and may speak to an instrument to endure unfavorable ecological components as temperature, saltiness and so on or have a methods for initiating cross insurance against other unfriendly factors (Du et al., 2007). Among these microorganisms entering this state are numerous noteworthy human pathogens and marker microbes of these pathogens; such cells may speak to a general wellbeing risk and might be a factor in human wellbeing as well as ailment (Rivers Steck, 2001). Indeed, even today, it is as yet impractical to develop most bacterial species legitimately from the natural examples or after introduction of already culturable cells to ecological conditions negative for development and increase in vitro. The entry of VBNC through a suitable creature host will initiate return of

Corporate Social Responsibility is Fundamental to Developing a Global Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility is Fundamental to Developing a Global Reputation - Essay Example The organization can manufacture reasonable tasks by putting resources into corporate social obligation. In this manner putting resources into corporate social obligation is major to building up a worldwide notoriety. This is exhibited by global companies, for example, Johnson and Johnson and Starbucks. They have put resources into various projects of corporate social duty and along these lines have had the option to confront the ongoing money related emergency more successfully than contenders. The target of building up a worldwide notoriety can't be accomplished except if the global organization can offer items and administrations which advance social and natural principles. By implementing social and ecological principles, a worldwide company puts resources into corporate social obligation which prompts a worldwide notoriety. Acquaintance Globalization leads with expanded universal exchange through the decrease of taxes. Expanded worldwide exchange makes worldwide organizations wh ich can be characterized as those organizations which have creation/showcasing activities in more than one nation. One of the key achievement factors for worldwide organizations is corporate social duty, characterized as considering the effects of business procedure on the general public and the earth notwithstanding the customary estimation of the company’s benefits. This makes an operational system where worldwide organizations need to mull over neighborhood concerns. By directing tasks in a way which contemplates their social and natural effects, a worldwide organization can construct a decent notoriety comprehensively. The target of this paper is to investigate how corporate social duty empowers a worldwide partnership to build up a worldwide notoriety. Examination of key issues Globalization builds the volume of worldwide exchange by lessening the national boundaries to exchange, for example, taxes and sponsorships. This prompts the formation of a global organization whi ch can lead creation and promoting tasks in more than one universal market. A case of globalization is China’s section into the World Trade Organization empowering western organizations to set up tasks in the quickly developing Chinese economy. Anyway the Chinese market is as yet directed by the administration and there is an extensive degree of local discontinuity in the administration guidelines. Consequently it is basic for outside associations to build up a decent notoriety in the Chinese market in order to make a decent picture in the nearby networks. This is one of the key achievement factors given the rising degree of serious competition as the Chinese market has been changed empowering remote organizations to set up their activities in the quickly developing business sector. Accordingly organizations need to create projects of corporate social obligation to build up an upper hand by building up a worldwide notoriety. Worldwide organizations can actualize projects of c orporate social obligation by considering the triple main concern (McConnell and Brue, 2007). First the worldwide organization needs to contemplate the expenses of overseeing individuals with regards to moving tasks to a remote market. This center empowers the administration to lead tasks in a socially dependable way with the goal that representative fulfillment is amplified. Second, the organization needs to mull over the ecological expenses of worldwide activities. This implies the administration considers the effect of its procedure on the planet. Third, the organization considers the conventional estimation of benefits. Along these lines the triple primary concern comprises of individuals, planet and benefit, otherwise called the three P’s. By directing its worldwide activities as indicated by the triple base

Hofstede Labels the Chinese as a Collectivist Culture

Presentation The economy of China has been rich in the previous decades announcing financial development rates outperforming 8.0%. This makes China to assume a basic job and contribute fundamentally towards the development of worldwide economy.Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on Hofstede Labels the Chinese as a Collectivist Culture explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the organizations found in China have neglected to dazzle the globe unique in relation to its surprising monetary development rate. To support the gross mechanical yield and financial development rate, China has been significantly subject to the FDI (outside direct speculations). Study writing in any case demonstrates that most ventures situated in China grasp work concentrated technique to create ease items. Plus, neighborhood based organizations neglect to produce best in class products while most administration barely succeeds in exacerbated social circumstances. Beforeh and, numerous organizations found in China worked in secured monetary and business situations as a result of business protectionisms. By the by, the pace at which China opens up and seek after monetary changes has empowered the nation to rise as a financial development component. In spite of the way that the received business methodologies neglected to be beneficial, different Chinese business endeavors and ventures are in the correct way to thriving given the power of the expected culture. Contrasted with the created states, firms in China have more fragile inventive social limits. Along these lines, the Chinese organizations experienced genuine difficulties and issues regarding adjusting to worldwide business rivalries and circumstances. Such rivalries have constrained Chinese organizations to be creative to adjust to the overall changes. To be serious, different researchers have emphasized that Chinese organizations ought focus on creating procedures and products, yet should conc entrate on overseeing, checking, comprehension, and learning the Chinese culture to succeed.Advertising Looking for appraisal on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Hofstede puts it, Chinese residents and partnerships will in general grasp community culture in their activities so as to flourish in the current serious globalized markets. Truth be told, the collectivist Chinese culture is epitomized in the Chinese corporations’ inventive culture (Tjosvold Ziyou, 2007). This paper offers an investigation on why Hofstede frequently marked the Chinese as a collectivist culture. The paper is moored on close to home understanding and talks about just as offers models on the motivation behind why Chinese is marked as a collectivist culture. Characterizing society The idea of culture has for quite some time been related to instruction, ethnography, correspondence, brain science, and human science. At t he point when every one of these perspectives are particularly researched, they offer explicit definitions for the word culture. Pack Fai, Kwai-Sang and Lau (2000), attest that culture joins different convictions and norms that people and gatherings share in their social orders. Howell and Shea (2006) then again guarantee that culture involves ways of life grasped by people or gatherings. For example, culture incorporates the general public, esteem frameworks, advances, jobs, belief systems, practices, just as addresses. Hofstede (1983) while examining the people’s values affirmed that culture has four unmistakable measurements to be specific the evasion of vulnerability, manliness or womanliness, independence or cooperation, just as force separations. Given that, there are different definitions for corporate culture, Hofstede, Neuijen, Ohayv and Sanders (1990) offered the most precise definition for culture. The researchers characterize corporate culture to consolidate an ag gregate encoding of individual and gatherings thoughts recognizing individuals in various groups.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Hofstede Labels the Chinese as a Collectivist Culture explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This infers, culture emerges to be the mutually held principles frameworks that could be changed whenever. Martinsons and Hempel (1995) guarantee that culture can be checked based on different qualities including solidness, forcefulness, the direction of groups, individuals, and results, just as focusing on subtleties, facing challenges and advancements. The present Chinese culture and corporate culture The Confucian worth plan is the social dominating point in the way of life of Chinese. As per Confucius and his enthusiasts, Confucianism alludes generally to a few authoritative opinions. For sure, Confucianism is a plan in the way of thinking of moral possibilities and good directs that nestle the ideas, which are loose and w ide. Through smaller scale substances of the general public like families, this philosophical framework maintains social request and the affectability in the hierarchy of leadership (Lo, 1997). In this way, the way of life of China together with the components of Hofstede displays highlights, for example, shirking of vulnerability, manliness or womanliness, independence or cooperation, just as force separates High force separation epitomizes Chinese aggregate culture as indicated by Choi, Troy, and Veillette (2009). Contrasted with the other comparing people from Japan and Europe, the Chinese top administration delights in impact over each choice. This exudes from the investigation of Chinese venture with respect to control separation and their auxiliary effect. Indeed, in China the force in dynamic is government. In any case, the dynamic in Japan and Europe considers capacity to be similarly even among various administration echelons in an organization.Advertising Searching for evaluation on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More A Chinese center chief for example scarcely has any state in the dynamic procedures contrasted with a foreman in Western country. The way of life of Chinese distinctions status and force authority significantly. Consequently, this outcomes into the idea of brought together force in the way of life of Chinese. The collectivist culture is reverberated from the Confucian exemplification that an individual obeys leaders just as their parentages. Absolutely, the situation of a person in an enterprise in China is regarded huge more than the name. This makes the individuals of China to lean toward being related to business title names. In particular, these business names help in clarifying an individual’s participation and rank in an organization (Martinsons Hempel, 1995). The way of life of Chinese accentuates on social union, affectability, trust, and assortment concordance. Then again, the way of life rouses an unpredictable hierarchy of leadership dependent on between conditions and between connections. Here, independence isn't seen as an augmentation of individual commitment and personality yet rather to be expressive of egocentric direct. This shows Chinese aggregate culture is inclined towards a gathering. In this way, superiority is blended to a gathering and accord building. There is need for trust and co-activity in the midst of each and every part inside the gathering. Consequently with the point of keeping up accord in the gathering, co-activity and trust make it basic for an individual to help, tell truth and self-respect now and again (Hofstede, 1983). The Chinese become worried about connection and are increasingly emotive because of the accentuation on concordance protection and the defending of face and respect. Inside an association, the Chinese are then disposed to demoralize relational contention. An association encounters risk rather than supported target accomplishment. This radiates because of various competitions among association indivi duals for extraneous rewards. The request for upkeep inside the majority of unmistakable families impacts the steadiness of the whole country. By and large, bunches of dependence is sited upon between close to home compatibilities in the Chinese business lead as respects to the Confucian way of thinking. A revered penchant towards the dependence on singular trust is in the way of life of Chinese (Howell Shea, 2006). Without a doubt, a few professional interactions are built up on singular affinities. The development of broad individual relations is regarded as the basic part of business in the Chinese aggregate culture. By and by, this situation is confronting adjustments with the execution of various business orders. The presence of the idea of face in the aggregate culture of Chinese should be insinuated predominantly as it coordinates sense of self and social picture viewpoints. Also, face viewpoint is a proportion of social worth without which an individual can't work in the agg regate culture of the Chinese (Cameron, 1994). In an individual’s lead and brain science, the idea of face puts a noteworthy featuring job in portraying associations and it includes rather conspicuously. In fact, everyone in the Chinese aggregate culture grasps the prerequisites that must be met to maintain steady relationship. Along these lines, the event of versatile face thought quells war. The idea of face fuses the dimensional gatherings, which are probably going to prevail over close to home concerns. Dissimilar to in the Western where ideas like face may perhaps be utilized to mean social standing and individual pride, face is firmly weaved by method for individual triumph inside the setting of Chinese aggregate culture. Regard for power, co-employable conduct, and responsibility are what the aggregate culture of Chinese places a premium on dependent on Homburg, Workman and Jensen (2000) statements. From the high degree of homogeneousness and communism required by the Chinese aggregate culture, there is an inclination for China to avoid danger and vulnerability. As a matter of fact, chance reaches out among individuals from a gathering since decisions are common

Writing an Essay About What You Will Do Differently Next Semester

<h1>Writing an Essay About What You Will Do Differently Next Semester</h1><p>An exposition about what you will do any other way next semester as you approach your graduation is a smart thought. It's likewise an approach to focus on a portion of the exercises you did this semester that you need to keep doing in the up and coming semester. When you finish your whole semester of school, it's an ideal opportunity to begin considering a subsequent semester and the accompanying semester.</p><p></p><p>The article that you expound on your present circumstance is best composed by somebody who knows you well overall. They ought to have the option to peruse your profile and skill to expound on you and your tentative arrangements. Here are a few instances of how you can utilize an exposition about what you will do another way next semester.</p><p></p><p>You may be discussing whether to return to class in the spring. This is someth ing that you've for a long while been itching to do however were uncertain about your evaluations. Your folks, companions, and associates all appear to need to return to class. They express it's an amazing time to attempt to get your evaluations up and you can win yourself an extraordinary degree. In the event that you do decide to return, you will require an exposition about what you will do another way next semester as you approach your graduation.</p><p></p><p>Your guardians have both returned to school in the recent years. While they were both ready to get an extraordinary degree from their degree program, it took a few years. You know as a matter of fact that it was intense. Despite the fact that they buckled down, there were commonly when they didn't get enough rest, needed to avoid a night of classes, and lost some friends.</p><p></p><p>While you were away at school, a great deal of others did this and they got the opportunity t o achieve numerous things. They graduated with their fantasies. Presently, they are prepared to get out there and get a new line of work or go into business and start to completely change themselves for the better.</p><p></p><p>A part of individuals need to stress over paying their understudy advances this semester. Your folks may have been one of them. During your last semester of school, you proceeded to find low maintenance line of work to help take care of the tabs. Presently, you are confronted with charges that you can't stand to pay off.</p><p></p><p>One of the most significant pieces of your College Career is building up your profession objectives. On the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea where you need to go sooner rather than later, you won't have the option to compose an exposition about what you will do any other way next semester. You have to characterize your objectives first. Who would you like to work for ? What sort of employment would you like to get?</p><p></p><p>An paper about what you will do any other way next semester is an individual reflection on an individual's life. Individuals who keep in touch with them have survived a portion of the difficulties you're confronting and they've attempted to get things going. At the point when you compose this kind of article, you are composing a paper, however you are beginning a tale about yourself.</p>

Synthesis Essay Samples Sources

<h1>Synthesis Essay Samples Sources</h1><p>It is imperative to locate the privilege orchestrated exposition tests sources since this is a positive necessity for your papers. Amalgamation is an article that really utilizes the techniques for metalinguistic, relevant and contextualization. Metalinguistic is the utilization of social and semantic articulations. Contextualization is the use of normal or counterfeit data, for example, photos and other interactive media to make a significance out of what might be a good for nothing arrangement of words.</p><p></p><p>In request to locate the correct sources, you have to realize what they contain so as to keep away from any deficiency in integrating your exposition. The sources ought to be clear, exact and sorted out. They ought to likewise have tests to browse with the goal that you can become acclimated to the whole procedure recorded as a hard copy your own essay.</p><p></p><p >Usually the proposition explanation is set toward the start of the article tests sources. This gives an itemized prologue to the exposition and gives the perusers a thought on what it is about. These can be given by the writer, an educator or a professor.</p><p></p><p>The first sentence of the article is the presentation, which is typically a short section containing the principle thoughts of the exposition. These are ordinarily positioned directly after the primary sentence of the postulation statement.</p><p></p><p>The second sentence in the article tests sources is the body of the content. It contains the insights regarding the point and what ought to be the focal point of the article. It is likewise used to present the primary proposal. This is then trailed by the conclusion.</p><p></p><p>The last sentence in the article tests sources is the end. It as a rule presents the assessment of the creator and al ong these lines, may not speak to their perspective. This is the last sentence of the exposition. Typically this is the last sentence or this part is left blank.</p><p></p><p>Synthesis exposition tests sources ought to have the option to address the inquiry, 'What is the message of the paper?' They should respond to these inquiries as unmistakably as could be expected under the circumstances. They ought to have the option to give models that will permit the perusers to comprehend the significance of the exposition very clearly.</p><p></p><p>Synthesis paper tests sources can likewise assist you with creating better English and ought to be compact so they don't cause the peruser to feel lost. Thus, the article will be increasingly coherent and this makes it a simpler undertaking for the writer to compose an essay.</p>

Essay on the Ultimate College Application Essay

<h1>Essay on the Ultimate College Application Essay</h1><p>There are a few things that should be contemplated when you are composing your article on a definitive school application paper. You should compose a general exposition on why you need to go to college.</p><p></p><p>You can compose incredible articles on the way that you need to go to school. These will incorporate why you need to head off to college, what you are keen on and why you ought to go to college.</p><p></p><p>The initial segment of a definitive school application paper is to incorporate the specific motivation behind why you need to set off for college. This is an incredible part to compose on the grounds that it shows you have contemplated this inquiry and are searching for an answer. This will be the initial segment of the article that is read.</p><p></p><p>After composing the specific motivation behind why you need to head off to college, you ought to compose somewhat more of a detail of why you ought to go to school. After that you can begin to expand on that. After you are finished with the subtleties and you need to approve your own specific reasons why you need to go to college.</p><p></p><p>The last piece of the article is to investigate the reasons why the data will be of an advantage to you. The article isn't finished without the most significant factor of which is your contention. Ensure that you don't utilize imaginative rationale; hold the fundamental plans to a minimum.</p><p></p><p>Writing a definitive school application exposition is much the same as composing some other article. You are required to come to some meaningful conclusions and ensure that you keep in touch with them in a consistent way. Try not to skirt the focuses that you are certain are important.</p><p></p><p>Writing a definitive school application pap er is probably the hardest piece of school application article composing. Ensure that you are careful when you are composing the exposition on a definitive school application essay.</p>

Choose the Right Sample For Your GRE Essay

<h1>Choose the Right Sample For Your GRE Essay</h1><p>The GRE Essay test necessitates that you get six examples to break down, however the correct kind of test relies upon your circumstance. The most widely recognized inquiries posed in a GRE test are on great jargon, GRE understanding appreciation and GRE writing.</p><p></p><p>In general, you won't have the opportunity to get every one of the six examples, so it is critical to concentrate on the sort of inquiry and the author's work. Ensure that your example is from a test from a similar year as you are taking. That way, you will have a higher likelihood of getting the correct inquiries and test for your GRE Essay.</p><p></p><p>One of the extraordinary sorts of tests for your GRE Essay is a story. A story for the most part comprises of different characters that accomplish something at some point and is normally told from the perspective of a character that is more lea rned than others, and gives a general picture of the event.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous accounts that you can let yourself know, yet you can likewise compose your own little story to clarify your exposition. Utilize your creative mind and it will add a ton to your article. You can even utilize the characters from your preferred book or movie.</p><p></p><p>For different sorts of test, you have to search for answers to addresses that are comparable to the example in your GRE Practice Test. This will assist you with seeing how the GRE test is built and if the example is adequate for you.</p><p></p><p>If the example is unreasonably hard for you, or it doesn't coordinate the inquiry that you jumped on your training test, at that point go for another example. This will spare you time and money.</p><p></p><p>GRE test bundles are likewise accessible on the web. These can be sent to you or dow nloaded and printed out for your convenience.</p>

Essay Help - How to Write a Hardship College Entrance Essay

<h1>Essay Help - How to Write a Hardship College Entrance Essay</h1><p>How to compose a hardship school entrance paper is an inquiry that has been posed by incalculable undergrads. While you probably won't hope to be required to compose a paper about a hardship, it isn't unbelievable either. Indeed, this kind of article can be exactly what an understudy needs so as to procure a serious evaluation in school. To enable your perusers to comprehend why this is a smart thought, here are a few hints to ensure that you do a decent job.</p><p></p><p>The first and most significant things to remember when composing a hardship exposition are presence of mind. For instance, in the event that you are approached to give proof that you have money related issues, you ought to give evidence to back up your case. This could incorporate a letter from an outsider expressing that you need cash or it could incorporate a duplicate of a check. It is likewise critica l to list all costs that may come up later on. On the off chance that you end up short on cash, at that point it is essential to tell the peruser about it.</p><p></p><p>Also, you have to ensure that you set aside the effort to clean your English aptitudes. That way, if your exposition is required to be submitted to universities, you will realize that you are doing the privilege thing.</p><p></p><p>You additionally need to consider what the confirmations official is going to think. While it may appear to be out of line for you to be required to compose a hardship article, you should understand that much of the time this is the thing that schools are searching for. The most ideal approach to traverse this obstacle is to ensure that you work superbly and that your article shows your qualities and weaknesses.</p><p></p><p>If you need any further help with composing this kind of exposition, you should call the school confirmations office and converse with them about it. They will have the option to offer you the guidance that you need with the goal that you can work admirably. Ensure that you get their help too, however, as they are likewise paying special mind to your best interests.</p><p></p><p>The answer to how to compose a hardship school entrance article isn't really hard. Be that as it may, you have to set aside the effort to become familiar with the best possible strategies for finishing this errand. With legitimate planning, you will have the option to compose a decent essay.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous approaches to get ready for how to compose a hardship school entrance paper. By knowing the devices that you need, you will have the option to take care of business without much trouble.</p>

Finding Good English Essay Samples

<h1>Finding Good English Essay Samples</h1><p>Good English article tests can be the ideal method to assist you with beginning composing your own. On the off chance that you have been in school for any period of time, at that point you have heard a few educators who are downright terrible with regards to writing.</p><p></p><p>These individuals don't take care of business for doing it. They are truly not content with their classwork, and this has left them with an awful occupation; they need to ensure that the understudies who are in their classes are content with their instructors, so they might need to take a stab at composing something to help them out.</p><p></p><p>There are various sorts of ways that you can approach finding the best of these English article tests. You can either search them out on the web, or you can go into the library. The primary choice is normally a lot less expensive, and since they are regula rly accessible for nothing, this should work in your favor.</p><p></p><p>However, on the off chance that you experience some difficulty discovering it, you can generally go into the library and glance through the entire set. This is typically better since you will discover a greater amount of them, and you can likewise improve thought of what you have to search for when you take a gander at these models. Simply remember that in the event that the book you pick is one that is as of now full, at that point you might be getting a couple of test pieces, yet on the off chance that you glance through the entire book, at that point you can discover significantly more examples.</p><p></p><p>The other choice is the place you go to the library and glance through the entirety of the English paper tests they have accessible. They will most likely have various books of various sizes and lengths, with the goal that you can really get an opportunity to discover some that you can utilize. Remember that regardless of whether they just have a couple of models, you despite everything need to glance through them, with the goal that you can attempt to enhance them.</p><p></p><p>The last choice to consider when searching for good English article tests is to really go into the book shop and see what they have available. You will most likely need to sit tight for a piece before you discover whatever you like, yet you will have the option to discover them somewhat quicker and you will have a superior possibility of getting something that you like.</p><p></p><p>Whether you decide to go in the library or go into the book shop, there are various acceptable English article tests accessible to you. Simply ensure that you read through them and afterward choose if you can track and enhance them before you submit them for review.</p>

A Scientific Research Paper Sample Can Be Used to Help Create a Good Paper

A Scientific Research Paper Sample Can Be Used to Help Create a Good PaperAn attractive solution to publishing a paper is the use of a scientific research paper sample. The advantage of using such a sample is that the scientific research paper sample is very easy to use and provides a ready solution for many types of science papers.However, you have to be careful in choosing a paper sample as the problem of plagiarism can also crop up if the sample contains too much copying of someone else's work. This is why it is advisable to carefully research the project before hand, so that there is not much copying going on. When you have done this, then the sample becomes easier to use.The first thing to look for when you look for a research paper sample is a sample that does not contain any overlapping of other works. These types of samples tend to be high quality. The reason for this is that such samples should be able to deal with all sorts of papers, and should include different parts of d ifferent papers. In this way, one can create a paper which is original and which has not been used before.Another reason for selecting a good research paper sample is that it should be large enough to ensure that you have enough space to allow for your writing. One should also be able to write at the same pace as the samples, so that one is not in a hurry when writing. Writing faster will mean that you need more paper than you actually need, which may result in poor quality work.The next consideration for using a paper sample is that it should be appropriate for the particular paper. In other words, it should be able to make the paper easy to read. This will help with the presentation of the paper and can help with being able to fit in with the style of presentation that is common in the paper. This means that the presentation should be appropriate to the paper, and it should be something which is not already an established style.A good scientific research paper sample can be a seri es of equations or graphing and should allow for students to easily understand what they are reading. It should also be interesting enough that the student can get caught up in the paper, and the paper should be able to provide information which is relevant to the paper. The graphs should also allow for easier comprehension, and they should also be able to tell a story, which is what makes a good paper.Many things should be considered when looking for a paper sample. The paper should be something that is easy to read, and it should be a story that are interesting. The graphs should be representative of the paper, and they should be part of the story and data that are presented in the paper. Finally, the equations should be relevant to the paper, and they should be something which is important for the paper to be readable.As you can see, there are many factors that go into deciding which research paper sample is right for your project. If you wish to be able to publish a paper that h as a higher level of quality, then it is important to find the best paper which will suit your needs. This means that you will have to work to understand what is required, and the best way to do this is to select a paper sample which is easy to read and which includes the elements which are important for a good paper.

Chocolate Milk Essay Samples

<h1>Chocolate Milk Essay Samples</h1><p>Chocolate milk article tests arrive in an assortment of styles to suit each taste. With the assortment of styles in chocolate milk article tests, you will find that there is one that will suit your particular prerequisites. From picking the point and composing style to ensuring you have sufficient opportunity, you can utilize these paper tests to help you on your approach to making the ideal scholastic essay.</p><p></p><p>By exploiting the numerous chocolate milk exposition tests accessible for download, you will have the option to pick the one that suits your style and address your issues. There are no set composing styles that are fundamental, as the styles of chocolate milk article tests fluctuate. This implies you won't need to agree to a troublesome style that sometimes falls short for your needs.</p><p></p><p>You will have an assortment of styles to browse just as various t astes that will suit your inclinations. The article tests will permit you to get the style that is appropriate for your requirements. This will give you the opportunity to tweak your style as per your very own tastes.</p><p></p><p>Of course, you will need to utilize the chocolate milk paper tests that fit your needs. This will guarantee that you get the style that you need, which you will be content with. The paper tests permit you to pick the style that you like best and afterward utilize this style to make the ideal scholarly essay.</p><p></p><p>One of the greatest advantages of utilizing chocolate milk article tests is that you can utilize the style that you like without doing a ton of work. You should simply put a note in the style box with the goal that you can pick the style that you like. This will spare you opportunity with regards to choosing the style that will coordinate your needs the best.</p><p></p><p >There are no rules that are vital with regards to utilizing these paper tests. This implies you can utilize the style that you find engaging just as the style that you are generally OK with. You will find that this will permit you to redo your paper tests to meet your needs.</p><p></p><p>The chocolate milk exposition tests permit you to utilize the style that you like and will guarantee that you get the outcomes that you need. These styles additionally permit you to get the outcomes that you need and are anything but difficult to utilize. This implies you won't need to experience a great deal of opportunity with regards to altering and getting the style that you want.</p><p></p><p>These chocolate milk paper tests are anything but difficult to utilize and are accessible to assist you with getting the styles that you need. By utilizing these styles, you will get the styles that you like and the outcomes that you need. The styles are anything but difficult to utilize and you will get the outcomes that you need, which are fulfilling to your own tastes.</p>

Essay Topics For Grade 9 Students

Essay Topics For Grade 9 StudentsWhen you give your grade of an essay to a class, you may just have questions about the topics. These are generally essays that you either wrote or were assigned by your teacher. However, there are also essays that you can write yourself. As with other assignments, this will vary depending on what you want it to be and the subject matter.Most writers today are familiar with the five topics for essays that you should expect to see in college-level classes. Some of these are biology, economics, history, literature, and geography. While others are more specific to the subjects they teach, such as language, politics, religion, geography, and poetry. The topics themselves will have more to do with what you are interested in or have already studied. Your teacher will provide you with the information you need to write an essay on the topic that is most suitable for your level.Some teachers, however, will provide you with a homework assignment for each of the topics you need to write about. They will require you to go over the assignments that you have written for these topics and give you some feedback on them. This can help you make sure that you are following all of the rules in the format of the assignment and will give you more insight into how best to complete the assignment.With this said, the assignment that is provided to you will be based on what is available at the end of the school year and depending on how long you took to get the essay done. If it was a given assignment, it would likely have been finished by the time you took it so it would not have much of a payoff for completing the assignment before the deadline. In contrast, if it was a choice assignment for you, you could decide whether or not you wanted to get it done at the end of the school year.Besides the assignments for essays, another option that you may want to consider is to write the essay topics based on other activities and events that you participated in t hroughout the school year. For example, you could use your essay topics as a way to analyze what happened during your last school year. From the different topics you researched, you can draw conclusions and make arguments based on what you learned and what happened at your school. You may even combine two or more topics for an entirely new essay topic for grade 9 students.A common thing that you can do to research for topics for your essays is to look at your workbooks. Sometimes you will be given examples of work that you did and how well you did it. However, the main thing you want to keep in mind is that you must make sure that your work is suitable for the essay topics for grade 9 students.While you are choosing the topics for your essays, it is important to remember that you are also writing about your life and experiences. You want to include personal information that will reflect the things that you went through and learn about as well as the lessons that you learned from the m. Make sure that you include all of the things that you think are relevant.

The Anxiety Cure - 941 Words

Theory Critique: The Anxiety Cure By Dr. Archibald D. Hart _________________ Presented to Assistant Professor Max Mills Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA __________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the requirements for the course PACO 507 Theology and Spirituality in Counseling ________________________ By December 12, 2010 The Anxiety Cure By Dr. Archibald D. Hart Concise Summary: Dr. Archibald Hart brings gives his contribution to the counseling world by giving us the Anxiety Cure. The essence of the book is found in the beginning of the book. Anxiety is now the number one emotional problem of our day (Hart 1999). This book aims to help people cope with worry, stress†¦show more content†¦Meditation causes you to think on God and his Excellencies, which can possibly change your life, all by itself. Personal Reflection: This book has truly brought to light some of the thoughts that I have had for years. Many people that we come in contact with everyday have issues that result in anxiety attacks. Especially as Christians we have to know how to deal with life when it brings panic attacks, stress and worry our way. The way that most people that I know of have dealt with the situation is to fold and be depressed. That has subsequently led to other illnesses and problems because the initial things were never dealt with. This book provides excellent strategies to overcome the problems that one can face. I have personally had one on one interaction with people and I have seen all of these conditions that were mentioned by Dr. Hart. As I converse with them, I can see the nervousness and the unrest in their eyes. There is an uneasiness that warrants therapy and in many cases prayer as well. The main problem in that case, is does that person really want the help. When a person does n ot want the help, you cannot force them to take it. They must, of their own volition accept help. There was one individual that I knew of in the church who was on medication for anxiety and depression. This person had convinced themselves in their mind of their condition. After monthsShow MoreRelatedThe Anxiety Cure Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Hart (1999) in his book The Anxiety Cure offers a plan to defeat anxiety by explaining the role of how brain chemistry, psychological responses, and thought process aid in the complications of anxiety disorders. He views modern society as moving at the speed of cheetahs when God designed us to move at the speed of camels. The book gives practical advice to change your way of life without depending on medication and psychotherapy as a life-long process, by developing the emotional tranquilityRead MoreTaking a Look at Teenage Depression1434 Words   |  6 Pagesphysical, social, and emotional. 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Hart (2001) reminds us that researchers have discovered that stress is the major cause to anxiety as it wreaks havoc withRead MorePersuasive Essay On Marijuana918 Words   |  4 Pagesmarijuana so they can make as much profit off of it as they can. So if the customer at the doctors office is cured and doesnt need any more medicine than thats another customer lost. Another big benefit of marijuana is that marijuana can potentially cure cancer. Marijuana slowly kills the cancer cells, so it stops the growth and development of the cells so that cancer doesnt spread and take over everything. Scientists found that active ingredients in marijuana can reduce tumor growth by 50% slowedRead MoreThe Meditation Health Benefits Of The World1102 Words   |  5 Pagesfor religious purposes, however recently individuals have been testing it out for themselves. One does not have to mediate for religious purposes, this phnaoman can be used to lower stress levels, cure anxiety and panic disorders, learn to handle stressful situations better, and help to control anxiety, sharpen one’s mind, improve memory and critical thinking and reverse depression. The Buddhist religion is what shined the light on the process of mediation from the start. Buddha, the head of theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Manic Depression1005 Words   |  5 Pagesantidepressants, mood stabilizers, anti-anxiety medication, anti-seizers medication. For bipolar depression one common treatment is drug therapy. What types of drugs are used in drug therapy to help treat bipolar depression you may ask? Well the answer is there are many different types of drugs to help treat this illness. Mood stabilizer such as Lithobid also known as Lithium (generic brand) and Lamictal also known as lamotrigine (generic brand), help manage manic depression not cure it. Like all medication althoughRead MoreFemale Hysteria Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesafter a divorce. When he unlocked her cell door, her screams and laughter echoed throughout the hallway. The psychiatrist then has her placed in a strait jacket and is escorted to his office for further examination and researc h for a possible, humane cure. While some human beings can have different types of mental disorders, one illness in particular was common for women- hysteria, or â€Å"Female Hysteria.† This mental disorder had brought great devastation in the psyche of human females and had differentRead MoreAmaxophobia: Definition and Symptoms1141 Words   |  5 Pagestypically include extreme anxiety, dread and anything associated with panic such as shortness of breath, rapid breathing, irregular heartbeat, sweating, excessive sweating, nausea, dry mouth, nausea, inability to articulate words or sentences, dry mouth and shaking.6 A  feeling of uncontrollable anxiety  when you think about or are exposed to walking The feeling that  you must do everything possible  to avoid walking The inability  to function normally  because of your anxiety Often, the knowledge thatRead MoreDepression An Innovative, Drug-Free Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesDepression: An Innovative, Drug-Free Solution Around the globe, depression impacts an abundance of people. Psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic drug also knows as â€Å"magic mushrooms,† has recently been discovered to weaken or even cure depression. Recently in a small study published in the journal â€Å"Lancet Psychiatry,† twelve people were tested using psilocybin and after one week, all reported improvements and two thirds were depression free. Depression is one of the most common mental illnessesRead MoreWhat ´s behind Musician ´s Dystonia?981 Words   |  4 Pagesthe issue. In the case of musicians, the most of the subjects seem to fall under the second category: the repetitive movements of the same muscles would cause The Dystonia, even if there could be a genetic predisposition for it. There is not a clear cure for this problem and only some partial solutions as Neurological re-training or Botox injections seem to alleviate the problem, but not fix it totally. Focal Dystonia is a highly incapacitating disease for musicians, as when the symptoms start: cramps

Essay of Kafkas The Trial Example For Students

Essay of Kafkas The Trial Imagine being so preoccupied with something that it slowly starts to take over ones daily routine. Now imagine that preoccupation becoming an infatuation, which then becomes an obsession. This series of events can lead any person to a mental lapse like K. , the protagonist in Kafkas The Trial. In The Trial, K. is forced to deal with a pending arrest throughout the entire novel. K. is now overwhelmed with a myriad of issues such as the infringement of human rights, the corruption of the court, and eventually his psychological collapse. In the beginning of K. s journey, the motif of violation of human rights becomes apparent through K. s loss of rights, as well as the warders. K. loses his right to be an individual and conforms into the courts desired vision of him. He also endures the added pressure of contemplating whether or not the court is fraudulent. Eventually, the courts need for him to conform leads to his obsession with his upcoming trial. Ultimately it becomes too much for K. to handle, and the result is his defeat. Throughout the beginning of the novel, the reader becomes overwhelmed with the fact that K. is preoccupied with what he is getting charged for. In this day and age the Miranda Rights force the arresting officers to declare what the suspect is being arrested for. However in The Trial, K. , the reader, and even the warders do not know what the accusation is. This is apparent when the warders conduct the original arrest by stating, We are not authorized to tell you that. Go to your room and wait there. Proceedings have been instituted against you and you will be informed of everything in due course (Kafka 3). K. s human rights are violated in this situation because the warders intrude in his personal property, as well as his abode. This proves to be a violation of privacy as well as an intrusion of space. K. addresses this in his court hearing: Some ten days ago I was arrested, in a manner that seems ridiculous even to myself, though that is immaterial at the moment. I was seized in bed before I could get up The room next to mine was requisitioned by two coarse warders These warders, moreover, were degenerate ruffians, they deafened my ears with their gabble, they tried to induce me to bribe them, they attempted to get my clothes and underclothes from me under dishonest pretexts, they asked me to give them money ostensibly to bring me some breakfast after they had brazenly eaten my own breakfast under my eyes. (Kafka 43) In the courtroom, K. wants to relive, and amplify the way the warders treated him. He strives to bring attention to the fallacies of how he was treated; however little does he know that these statements will backfire on him later. In The Trial, K. is not the only character to get mistreated, because the warders do also. This brings up the central irony of the plot. Because of K. s statements, the warders encounter The Whipper, who in turn violates their rights. He violates their rights because he commits physical assault and battery for a punishment. This occurs because of K. s statements in the court hearing. This is evident when one day at work K. curiously opens the lumbar room because he heard noises, only to find The Whipper and the two warders. One of the men, who was clearly in authority over the other two and took the eye first, was sheathed in a sort of dark leather garment holding a rod in his hand with which to beat them (Kafka 84). K. indirectly causes the pain and torture of two warders from his statements in the courtroom. Christopher's Trip to the Dentist EssayThis also reiterates the irony between the warders and K. because once again he is trying to be the savior for a situation in which he created. Furthermore, K. is now beginning to devote his whole time at work to the defense of his case. He had given his clerk instructions to admit no one, on the plea that he was occupied with an important piece of work The thought of his case never left him now (Kafka 113). On top of the ever-lingering thoughts of his case in general, he is now taking responsibility to formulate a defense. This is usually a task for a lawyer to do, however K. feels it necessary for him to take it upon himself: In this defense he would give a short account of his life, and when he came to an event of any importance explain for what reasons he had acted as he did, intimate whether he approved or condemned his way of action in any retrospect, and adduce grounds for the condemnation or approval. (Kafka 113) In the above quotation, K. is attempting to find a reason for him to be arrested by closely analyzing a series of events in his life. By K. doing this, he is starting to realize that he is giving up the fight. He is letting the trial consume his life, as well as his everyday routine. There is no escape from his prison now. He recognizes this when: Two men came to his lodging. In frock coats, pallid and plump with top hats that were apparently irremovable Without having been informed of their visit, K. was sitting also dressed in black in an armchair near the door, slowly pulling on a pair of new gloves that fitted tightly over the fingers, looking as if he were expecting guests. (Kafka 223) This quotation sums up K. s emotional downfall through the overwhelming symbolism. For example, K. dressing in black symbolizes the end of both the lingering trial as well as acknowledging his death. Also, it is bizarre that K. does not expect visitors, yet waits so intently near the door, putting on his new gloves before he knows he is going outside. This represents the overwhelming presence of his case because K. is assuming the outcome of the situation. This confirms that K. has become wholeheartedly obsessed with his trial because he is devoting a year to not die for it. Kafka takes the readers, as well as K. , on an absolute whirlwind throughout the novel. K. s downfall is expressed by showing the three separate stages of his preoccupation, his infatuation, as well as his obsession with his arrest. This is shown throughout the year through a series of events such as the mistreatment of human beings, the corruptness and disorganized court, as well as K. s need to have complete and utter control over his case. There were plenty of questions left unanswered throughout The Trial, however the only one that was answered was the fate of K.

To Justify War or Not to Justify War That Is the Question free essay sample

Polk, as well as most of the rest of Americans at this time, saw the declaration of war as a legitimate and natural expression of America’s Manifest Destiny, which will be later explained. The question remains, however, was Polk’s declaration of war on Mexico really necessary, let alone justified? Was peace what he really wanted, or was his true intention just to acquire more land and expand the U. S. westward as fast as he could? President Polk did appear to have taken several steps to try to avoid an armed conflict with Mexico. First, Polk tried to reopen diplomatic relations between the U. We will write a custom essay sample on To Justify War or Not to Justify War? That Is the Question or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. and Mexico by sending an envoy, Mr. John Slidell of Louisiana, invested with full powers to make adjustments to the current state of affairs between the two countries. He sent this envoy, seemingly, as evidence that he did not want war, but peace and harmonious engagements between the U. S. and Mexico from there on forth. At first, Mexico’s minister stated that they would be willing to receive an envoy form the U. S. under the condition that the U. S. would withdraw its naval forces from Vera Cruz. The minister said that its presence there seemed to be or could be interpreted as an â€Å"act of menace or coercion† while the results of their negotiations were still pending. In light of this arrangement, Polk had the naval forces fall back. However, upon Slidell’s arrival to Mexico, they refused to receive the envoy and no agreement was met at that time. This set the pace for the tensions and events that followed. Throughout his address, Polk held strong to his claims that the U. S. was trying tirelessly to avoid war with Mexico and settle matters between them. Polk stated several times that because of Mexico’s refusal to address the issues that were presented, chiefly by not accepting the envoy, that Mexico was the aggressor in this matter. He supports this claim by reiterating that Mexico initiated the first act of aggression by going back on its statement of accepting an envoy to negotiate terms between the two countries. Also, Polk added the incident of how the Mexican forces at Matamoras, led by General Ampudia, started to get hostile. General Ampudia informed U. S. General, General Zachary Taylor that he needed to break up his camp within twenty four hours or face hostile actions. In this, Polk felt the U. S. was obligated to defend its people. The United States was, and still is, obligated to its land and people’s defense. Most of the tensions between the two countries began or got worse after Texas annexed itself into the union, which was a territory that Mexico still felt it held claim to. Polk ordered troops into the surrounding boundaries of this newly acquired territory because Mexican forces had begun to act belligerent and he wanted to make sure the citizens were protected should things go badly. From all of the negative events that were taking place, Polk stated that the attempts at diplomatic negotiations and the fighting troops weren’t the only things to suffer from the tensions between the U. S. and Mexico. Polk suggests in his declaration that commerce between the two countries had been practically eradicated. He claims that the U. S. merchants were not willing to prosecute these injustices of being harassed because the Mexicans had implemented a system of extortion. Despite it appearing, from the events and aggressive acts from Mexico, that Polk was totally within his rights to want to declare war on Mexico, not everyone agreed with his stand. On December 22, 1847, a freshman member of the House of Representatives introduced what has become known as the â€Å"Spot Resolutions Speech† suggesting he did not whole heartedly agree with Polk wanting to go to war with Mexico. This lawmaker was Abraham Lincoln. He had analyzed three messages by President Polk (May 11, 1846, December 8, 1846, and December 7, 1847) that claimed America blood had been shed on American soil. Lincoln stated that the House was â€Å"desirous to obtain a full knowledge of the facts which go to establish whether a particular spot on which the blood of our citizens was so shed was or was not at that time our own soil. † From the analysis of the three messages, he composed resolutions that sought specific information. The first of which was, â€Å"Whether the spot on which the blood of our citizens was shed, as in his messages declared, was or was not within the territory of Spain, at least after the treaty of 1819, until the Mexican revolution. The second was, â€Å"Whether that spot is or is not within the territory which was wrested from Spain by the revolutionary Government of Mexico. † The other six resolutions basically extended the analysis to determine whether the territory on which the casualties occurred was ever under the government or laws of Texas or of the United States. Though we have the opinions of opposing American parties, reading those articl es still bears no insight on Mexico’s account of the events that took place. It again poses the question was President Polk really justified in wanting to declare war on Mexico? Who was really the aggressor in this situation? After doing further investigating, I feel as though President James K. Polk may have been the aggressor in 1846. From his declaration, one can sympathize with Polk. It seemed as though Polk indeed only wanted peace and that he really tried to take as many non-confrontational steps as possible. However, if one looks at what was really going on during this time period, it can be assessed that Polk wanted to push Mexico into negotiating with the United States, and he was willing to create the threat of war to do so. These peaceful negotiations Polk claims he sought may have been achieved had he simply taken a different approach. Mexico refused to acknowledge Texas as independent or that it was a part of the U. S. once it had annexed itself into the union. After the annexation of Texas, Mexico withdrew its minister from Washington. This event is what prompted Polk to send John Slidell as an envoy. Mexico, expecting Slidell to be coming to negotiate the issue of Texas, was blindsided when Slidell had been sent to discuss opening negotiations for buying California and that the Texas issue was being completely ignored. They knew that accepting this envoy would mean they wouldn’t get any headway on the issue of Texas. This was the reason Mexico refused to have Slidell come as an envoy to commence negotiations. Once Slidell left Mexico, newly in office Mexican President, Jose Herrera, sent troops to the Rio Grande, a territory Texas claimed to be its proper boundary, to meet the Americans. In this matter, both sides had reached impasse and Polk had the excuse he need to declare war. Even though Polk had what he felt like was a â€Å"reason† to declare war, that doesn’t mean he was really justified in declaring war on Mexico. But, is war itself really justifiable? In theory, yes, war can be justified or considered justifiable under certain circumstances. I think that you can call a war justified if the reasons behind a government or country wanting to wage the war are for a just cause. For example, a war against a people to end its existence, basically genocide, is never a reason to start a war. There should also be a reasonable margin of success in winning the war so that the outcome sought will come to pass. Most importantly, the innocents should never be harmed. In my opinion, these are some things that can constitute a â€Å" justifiable war†. An example of a â€Å"justified war†, considering, was the American Civil War. This war happened as a result of a social and economic divide between the Northern and Southern U. S. The South relied primarily on agriculture, while the Northern states used manufacturing to sustain their economy. The South used slavery because they saw blacks as subhuman, inferior beings and because they didn’t want to have to pay them for their labor. The Southern states believed in the states having individual rights, where as the Northern states believed in a strong federal government. All of that was just to say that the cause for the war was justifiable and important, but the result more so which was permanently abolishing slavery in America and the United States was once again united. In terms of justification of Polk’s war against Mexico, this war wasn’t totally justifiable. The U. S, responded with violence against the Mexican government, which wasn’t necessary. Polk’s over ambition to seize new territory from Mexico and his disappointment at their refusal to sell him California, more than likely, played a major role in his wanting to go to war with Mexico. There was also another factor that made it easier for Polk to want to wage war with Mexico. It’s something called Manifest Destiny, which was the idea or theory that the U. S. had a â€Å"divine right† to rapid expansion westward toward the Pacific Ocean through the annexation of the western half of the continent; hence â€Å"from sea to shining sea†. Polk’s premature actions against Mexico, in my opinion, were unnecessary, but are all actions to initiate war unnecessary? Even more, if we use certain tactics to initiate war, are we being effective? For example, is our current â€Å"war on terror† necessary, let alone justifiable? Our so called â€Å"War on Terror† isn’t simply black and white because there are so many things one can argue in terms of being for or against this war. For example, some would say the war is justifiable because it appeared to be the only effective solution to the threat posed by the militant Islamic fundamentalism. Also, one could argue that we can’t sit around and do nothing after the Taliban had made such an obvious declaration of war against America by attacking us on our own soil! Then, on the other hand, some can argue that the war isn’t justifiable because unless in extreme circumstances, like being under arbitrary provocation or attack from a hostile power with no reasonable alternative, war is never justifiable. Our war on terror involves the military, political, legal, and ideological conflict against Islamic terrorism in response to the tragic 9/11 attacks. So in this aspect is out war justified? In my opinion, not so much. I feel that there may have been ways to avoid war prior to the conditions escalading the way they did. My view is that the war’s sole justification was retribution, which is not sufficient justification. The seemingly most powerful western democracy in the world should hold itself to a higher standard than those who only seek to thwart them. I can say that 9/11 was indeed the worst attack on American soil since Pearl Harbor. To highjack an aircraft(s) and plummet them into the Twin Towers, killing over 200 innocent civilians, is universally an inexcusable act and no amount of rhetoric will ever be able to even slightly shift that affirmation. However, in regards to a comparison between the two wars, I don’t feel President Roosevelt entered or declared war on Japan as an act of vengeance. The U. S. ’s declaration of war on Japan was against a sovereign power, with its own controlled army, with a fixed structure, and broadly connected to a worldwide fascist movement that, at the time, posed an incredibly serious threat to the stability of the free world. I do agree that we must defend or nation against the hostilities of rouge nations and terrorists, however, war is never made to â€Å"keep peace†. It only maintains peace for a very short period of time and after such period has passed, one side must inevitably wage war again to claim the debts for the original war. Again and again, an eye is claimed for an eye, and the Shakespearian drama continues to unfold, where everybody lies dead on the floor. A far better solution is the Chekhovian drama; everyone is upset and disillusioned, but still remains alive at the end. We need to try to find a Chekhovian solution to our threat of terrorism, maybe then having to justify a war wouldn’t be necessary at all.

Tifa Mac The Pimpstress & Kali The Sabertooth K Essays - Kali

Tifa Mac The Pimpstress & Kali The Sabertooth K Essays - Kali Tifa Mac The Pimpstress & Kali The Sabertooth Kitty Tifa Mac The Pimpstress this was my best invention; it emits this blast of concentrated laser energy that can dissipate any object. There are many more of my inventions, but these are my most favorite ones. Our first big hit was the local newspaper owned by the notorious womanizer, Don Corneo. We took him out and taught him a lesson hed never forget. He learned never to call my kitty a *censored* cat. He chose my companion and myself as his one and only. But he had no idea what he was buying into this time. I had caught him in one of his deals and luckily for me I had my trusty yardstick in my back pocket. Suddenly, like little needles prickling me in my back I got this impulse to strike Don. Boom, whack, plop, I stuck the old geezer with needle invested yardstick. He fell to the ground like an old oak tree. It was then that my offended companion, Kali, sought her revenge with her treacherous Claw if Death. We then carried him to the local Dumpster and trashed him. No mans

The Punishment of Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Punishment of Children - Essay Example Positive approaches of child discipline should be encouraged among parent and even teachers in schools. Praising of a child’s good behavior will help in reinforcing positive behavior (Hardy, and Heyes, 47). Time outs are an effective way of disciplining since the child gets time to calm down and reflect on his or her behavior. Loss of privileges helps in disciplining a child since behavior will be modified positively among children for the fear of losing various privileges. There is a debate on whether punishment should be applied to children and type of punishment that is effective in changing behavior. There are people who argue that punishment of children should be encouraged. These people believe that issuing a punishment to a child will help in the disciplining of unruly child. Corporal punishments produced more civilized individuals who respected their elders since these children could not apply foul language when addressing their elders (Smith, Cowie, and Blades 51). Th e punishment served to scare the children on the consequences of using bad language. The proponents of corporal punishment among the children argue that in the olden times when corporal punishment was the routine of the day, using a bad language did not cross the minds of the children. The proponents try to compare the olden times and the present times where corporal punishment is being discouraged children are very unruly and that bad language is the order of the day. On ethical grounds, the proponents of child punishment argue that punishing a child can indeed help in saving the child’s future. In the past, the rate at which young people were arrested for their bad behavior was low unlike the present times where many children are being taken to prison and rehabilitation centers for their bad behavior like drug abuse. Many parents do not want to abandon corporal punishment they subject to their children because they believe that it is a God’s command that children sho uld be given a few strokes of the rod (Smith, Cowie, and Blades 56). There are opponents of corporal punishment to children especially these punishments have pronounced negative impacts on the lives of the children. Statistics shows that a corporal punishment lowers the children’s intelligence quotient (IQ). A study carried out in the United States shows that subjecting children to corporal punishments lowered their intellectual development and creativity. Corporal punishments makes a child develop fight back response system which greatly hampers a child’s creativity and imagination. Corporal punishments only serve to create an anti-social behavior and enhance violence in the society. Children who are exposed to corporal punishments develop a low self esteem since punishments strengthen a notion where the children will always view themselves as failures. Children tend to develop a rebellious behavior and develop some acts of violence as a method of self defense (Naz, e t al 14). Hardy and Heyes (52) argue that corporal punishments can cause physical damage in extreme cases where the punishment of children is termed as child abuse. The physical damage that arises from corporal punishment can be horrifying. Children suffer from broken limbs, internal hemorrhage, and the destruction of the sciatic nerves thus affecting the legs. The physical abuse of children causes unending psychological suffering and despair in life. The children can opt for bad

Assignment about lean six sigma Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

About lean six sigma - Assignment Example Common Team Tools and Their Application to Lean Six Sigma Six Sigma refers to an approach that involves a rigorous procedure that ensures a team delivers its maximum yield. Its philosophy is best summarized by the abbreviation DMAIC, which stands for definition, measurement, analysis, improvement, and control (Donald & Kubiak, p. 23). This method defines the required steps that a Six Sigma practitioner must follow. It starts with the identification of the problem and follows through to the implementation of a long lasting solution. This methodology is widely accepted and practiced. Team tools are the assessments, ice breakers and other practical activities that are employed to help teams get back on track, move forward or help build trust among team members (Donald & Kubiak, p. 23). This section discusses the team tools as applied to Six Sigma. Definition is the first step of any project during which the business goal and potential resources, project depth, and timeline are clearly d efined. The problem is defined, customers identified, and the way forward charted. The measurement concept entails data collection in a bid to establish the performance standard. This measure will be compared to the measure at conclusion to establish whether goals have been met. This measured data is critical since it forms the basis for gauging the performance of a project team. At analysis, the main task is to identify, corroborate, and select causes for elimination. A number of root causes are identified and a vote is cast, the top three or four causes are identified and the process is done recursively using complex analysis tools until the valid root cause is identified (Donald & Kubiak, p. 23). In improvement, solutions to problems are identified, tested, and implemented. Measurement identifies the creative measures to solve or eliminate the problem identified in the previous step. Techniques such as ‘Six Thinking Hats’ and ‘Design of Experiments’ are used in this step. These techniques may be avoided incase solutions are obvious. Finally, the control stage serves to sustain the gains as improvements are monitored to ensure sustainable output. This process also involves an update of training and business strategies and records. In some cases, control chart techniques are used to graphically assess the stability and progress of a progress. Types of Teams The most common on teams are the vertical/functional teams. These are teams formed to execute explicit tasks and routinely include members from various levels in the hierarchy or a business. Modestly put, a vertical team consists of a manager working with subordinates in a certain functional department (Devine, p. 330). Examples of vertical or functional teams include departments in an organization such as Accounts, personnel or Engineering. On the other hand, horizontal or cross-functional teams consist of experts from different departments coming together to work on various task s within an organization. The team members may come from different departments such as design, research and development, technical, and marketing. Once formed, horizontal teams are typically self-directed and make decisions that do not need the approval of the management (Devine, p. 302). Horizontal

The Mechanics of Spontaneous Healing Essay Example for Free

The Mechanics of Spontaneous Healing Essay The field of holistic healing is an evolving discipline. Therefore, the words used to speak about the realm of holistic healing remain difficult to concretize. For those who view this growing field from a distance, the confusion about communication is apparent. Essentially, the same words are used in different ways, depending on the speaker and on the context. Even practitioners within the field of holistic healing use words like â€Å"healing† and â€Å"holistic† in idiosyncratic ways. For holistic medical doctors, the term â€Å"holistic† may mean incorporating alternative healing techniques or procedures such as the use of herbal remedies, diet and nutrition. For psychologists â€Å"holistic† may indicate their use of several therapeutic techniques within the discipline of psychology. Or it may indicate that they integrate other healing techniques such as bodywork or meditation within the context of psychotherapy. For some, the term â€Å"holistic healing† denotes an overall philosophy of integrationalism regardless of their respective training background, and as such, serve as a self-identifier. Given the disparity of meanings attributed to the words, the realm of holistic healing is fraught with communication difficulties. This search terms clarifies for the operational definitions of the study’s critical terms to avoid confusion and help set the limits of its purview. Holistic healing literally means wholeness (holy and heal both derive from the Anglo-Saxon healen, meaning whole), with all that implies: â€Å"Bringing the rejected and discarded into the circle; listening with the inward ear for those parts that have been silenced; seeking a deeper, more accurate, more creative engagement with the world around us† (Barasch, 2003, p. 7). â€Å"Holistic† refers to the acknowledgement that human beings are multi-leveled. We exist each moment as a body, mind, spirit/soul, and emotional beings. Holistic healing therefore, acknowledges the many parts of our being and seeks to understand their interactions in both the disease and the health creation process. Holistic Healing Conceptualized Holistic healing remains on the edges of mainstream scientific thought. It is contrary to the accepted view that we will always be able to find a specific cause for any given disease. Holistic healing deals with the totality of a person’s being: the mental/emotional, physical, social, and spiritual dimensions. It is this totality as an integrative and synthesizing force, so perceived and utilized by the healing person or team, that constitutes holistic healing. (Otto Knight, 2001, p. 3). Holistic healing was described by Pelletier (1997). For him, all states of health were psychosomatic, each person representing a unique interaction of body, mind, and spirit. Illness was a disturbance in the dynamic balance of these relationships. The client and the practitioner shared the responsibility for the healing and both creatively learned about themselves during the healing process. Practical screen In spite of a thorough search of the literature, no studies have been found that relate directly to the focus of this study, the mechanics of spontaneous healing. The literature review is not the theoretical foundation on which the study is based, but is presented in order to illustrate the current state of the relevant literature. The initial review established the appropriateness of this study. The majority of the review will be accomplished after the data is analyzed and it will be guided by the findings. Literature from both the initial review and the later review will be compiled in this section. Topics will also be discussed that might relate to the mechanics of spontaneous healing such as the experience of healing, health status, recovery, and survival. In this related literature the independent variables such as social support, optimism, and hardiness are often well defined with reliable and valid measures. The dependent variables such as â€Å"being healthy, having minor health problems, suffering from chronic disease, being disabled, and being dead are treated as equally-spaced points on a continuum† (Hobroyd Coyne, 2002, p. 364), and are often well-defined or measured. Other measures sometimes defined as â€Å"healthy† are help seeking behaviours and compliance with medical recommendations. Nevertheless, there are some interesting studies in which attempt is made to measure the factors that might be relevant to the mechanics of spontaneous healing. The popular literature claims much more knowledge than can be substantiated with valid research but this literature has stimulated a research interest that may lead to more knowledge about the mechanics of spontaneous healing. In the literature related to specific techniques, such as biofeedback, therapeutic healing touch, imagery, and hypnosis is discussed directly. Each of these areas has a body of research but the studies do not define healing and often do not give enough information for the reader to make judgement on the mechanics of spontaneous healing and on whether the outcomes are credible. Methodological Screen A suitable design for exploring holistic healing from the perspective of the person in the mechanism of the health creation process is phenomenology. Phenomenology is the study of the essence of human experience (Solomon, 1980). Phenomenology is based on careful consideration of rich complex data, using logic and insight (Cohen, 2001). The phenomenon studied need not be tangible in a physical sense as it can be such things as loving, thinking, imagining, calculating, or doubting. Healing falls somewhere between with both tangible and intangible elements. Cause and effect are not relevant, but it can be asked what the experience is of perceiving something apparently causing something else. One would not ask what causes healing, only what the experience of healing is. As an approach to research, it is a way to stand back and watch, to break out of one’s familiar acceptance of the world, and to attain a state of wonder and understanding (Merleau-Ponty, 1992). Phenomenology as a Research Method From these philosophical origins, methods of investigation began to emerge. Spiegelberg (1995) described â€Å"doing phenomenology† in a philosophical sense, while Giorgi, Van Kaam, and Colaizzi developed research methods which were inspired by phenomenological philosophy but not bound by it (Omery, 2003). Phenomenological research is evolving and expanding since it is now being used by many disciplines. There is debate about how purely one should follow the method and whether it is appropriate to draw from other related methods such as ethnography and grounded theory. Phenomenology as a philosophy is so diverse that purity is probably nonexistent. Because of this it would be difficult to derive a pure research method. Phenomenology as it is Used in this Study The primary influences in developing the methodology for this study were Collaizzi (1998) and Merleau Ponty (2002). Both Collaizzi and Merleau Ponty were chosen because of their specific discussion of bodily functions and their desire to maintain the integration and complexity of these functions. They both believed that perception of reality was in fact reality and that this reality can be described. Careful interpretation can clarify this reality. In the process of interpretation, data are not created, but they are analysed with an attempt to discover their essence. In order to address the research questions posed above, selected individuals will be asked to discuss their experience of holistic healing and the mechanism of their health creation process. Asking people directly seemed an effective way to study meaning, experience, beliefs, expectations, and perceptions of holistic healing. Benner (2002) pointed out that physiological aspects of healing can be studied readily with traditional quantitative research. Much of the research available on psychological, interpersonal, and personality dimensions of health has also been done using quantitative methods. There is a current interest in exploring holistic healing using qualitative means, but no qualitative studies have explored healing. As healing is a lived experience it seems appropriate to use a qualitative method to ask individuals who are in the process of healing to attempt to articulate what they believe is happening.

Workplace Literacy: Its Role in High Performance Organizations :: Workforce Work Jobs Essays

Workplace Literacy: Its Role in High Performance Organizations During the past decade a number of issues have been raised about the goals and purposes of workplace literacy; chief among these has been the debate surrounding the conceptualization of workplace literacy as a functional context program with its focus on analyzing the gaps between a workplace's literacy requirements and the abilities of its work force. Critics have felt that, too often, the job context approach was interpreted too narrowly and failed to involve workers. Frequently, the result was a curriculum designed to "fill in the gaps," usually through a top-down process with decisions made primarily by company management, human resources development specialists, and higher-level educational experts (Pritz and Imel 1993). At the same time, workplace educators were discussing how workplace literacy programs should be created, the concept of high performance organizations was emerging. Conversations began about how workplace literacy could be conceived of as a means of changing not just "the behavior of individual employees but of the larger work organization as well" (Imel and Kerka 1992, p. 4) by reinforcing critical thinking and teamwork required to transform workplaces into high performance, continuous improvement organizations. Sometimes referred to as the "collaborative" approach, the perspective that links workplace literacy to collaborative ways of organizing work-and that broadens the functional context approach-is gaining support (Jurmo 1994b). This ERIC Digestdescribes the relationship between collaborative approaches to workplace literacy and high performance work organizations, reviews some principles underlying the collaborative approach, and presents results of research on literacy development in high performance work organizations. High Performance Work Organizations and the Collaborative Approach In a high performance work organization (HPWO), employee basic skills are just one of many components (Jurmo et al. 1994). HPWOs feature flatter organizational structures, work done by teams of highly skilled workers, and a focus on quality, customer service, and continuous improvement (Kerka 1995). In addition to producing high-quality products and services, an HPWO also "provides a high quality of work life for all employees" (Jurmo et al. 1994, p. 4). HPWOs need workers who can take initiative, identify and solve problems, make decisions, and engage in a wide range of tasks. Traditional basic skills such as reading, writing, math, and communication are important primarily within the context of these higher-level skills (ibid.). Although many organizations have not achieved high performance status, they are moving in that direction and are seeking to develop a work force with a broader range of skills (Kerka 1995).

Jean Piaget Essay

My own beliefs about early childhood education are based upon the knowledge that children’s growth is developmental. It seems very clear to me that a high quality early childhood program must provide a safe and nurturing environment which promotes a broad spectrum of support for the child’s physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development. I strongly agree with the tenets of the National Association for the Education of Young children–that high quality, developmentally appropriate programs should be available to all children (Bredekamp & Rosegrant, 1992, p. 7). Children under the age of eight have enormous potential for growth and achievement, and it is my belief that they have rights to fulfill their possibilities. A separate statement of the NAEYC divides the concept of appropriateness into two aspects–age appropriateness and individual appropriateness (Bredekamp, 1987, p. 2). This statement coincides with my belief that children are unique individuals who may or may not reflect the usual characteristics of other children of their same age. Furthermore, I believe that a developmentally appropriate curriculum for young children is correctly tailored to the specifics of each age group. Different ages have different needs, interests, and developmental tasks, and the curriculum should reflect those variations. The most effective early childhood curriculum offers creative expression, social and emotional interaction, child-adult communication, child-child communication, physical expression, knowledge acquisition, reasoning practice, risk-taking, and personal autonomy. Early childhood learning happens through play. In this case, play is a serious matter, although it is quite fun to all involved. Children learn by doing and actively participating. When given the opportunity to explore, children flourish. They experiment, make choices, achieve strength and a sense of belonging as an effective individual within the context of a supportive, safe group. It is my belief that early childhood learning must happen in an integrated manner. Children of this age are too young for rigidly separated subject matter, and the skillful teacher of young children easily integrates the physical, emotional, social, creative, and cognitive areas of early learning. Role of Child as a Learner Johann Pestalozzi and Froebel, two of the earliest professionals in early childhood education, championed the development of the quality of early childhood theory and practice. Pestalozzi contended that young children learn most effectively by doing, by playing, and by interacting with the environment–the physical world and other children (McCarthy & Houston, 1980, p. 4). Early, effective learning happens best in a mixed age group, multi-cultural settings,  Froebel, like Pestalozzi, believed that play is of paramount importance in the development of the child, and that the emotional quality of the child’s life (relationship with parents and other significant people) profoundly permeates the quality of the child’s life (McCarthy & Houston, 1980, p. 6). Pestalozzi did not particularly formalize his theories and methods, but he had a very good intuitive grasp of the necessity for language development, nurturing environments, and healthy relationships for children as a springboard for optimum learning. The child as a learner has cognitive needs, and these vary according to the age of the child. Piaget became famous for his work in the cognitive domain, and his guidelines of pre-operational thought to more sophisticated abstract thinking are useful for teachers who wish to be careful about not expecting too much from children who are operating at a lower cognitive level (DeVries & Kohlberg, 1987, p. 54). His work was rather theoretical, and others (principally Kamii and DeVries) have expanded Piaget’s theory to widen its practical usefulness in early childhood classrooms. The young child learns from the motivation of a need to know, and most early learning takes place in the context of the home and relationship with parents and other family members. Lev Semenovich Vygotsky, one of the earliest workers in the area of developmental psychology and psychopathology, believed that children’s learning happens within the framework of the child’s activities and is greatly influenced by the society and values of the persons near the child. The entire field of child development then consists of â€Å"an endless stream of dialectical conflicts and resolutions, with the resolutions then internalized to form the child’s increasingly sophisticated physical and psychological knowledge† (Thomas, 1992, p. 322). John Dewey’s progressive education movement greatly affected thinking and practice for teachers desiring to arrange an appropriate environment for young learners. Dewey was one of the most influential educational philosophers in the United States in the early 1900’s and his influence is still felt in the 1990’s (McCarthy & Houston, 1980, p.6). Dewey and other forward-thinking professionals of his time believed that learning should be based upon the children’s interests and that children should be actively involved in their education. Before Dewey’s time, most classroom activity consisted of teachers instructing passive, obedient listeners. Dewey’s work provided a solid philosophical basis for early childhood educators who desire to integrate subject matter into whatever the children are actively involved with at the moment. Dewey contended that any kind of life experience is valuable for learning. Dewey was humanistic in his orientation, and his work spoke to the importance of human interest, value, and dignity (McCarthy & Houston, 1980, p. 8). Abraham Maslow was one of the first psychologists to emphasize the importance of various needs being met before other, higher needs come into focus. He placed the physical needs at the bottom of his needs hierarchy, followed by the need for love and belonging. Physically, children at young ages grow and change dramatically from year to year, and the alert, educated teacher will firmly grasp the necessity of a balanced program of large muscle activity, small muscle play, outdoor opportunities for expression of vigorous excess energy, and small motor expressive activity (Bredekamp, 1987, p. 56). Psychologically, children must feel safe before they are able to explore and learn. Children learn through social interaction with adults and other children, and their learning begins with awareness, moving through cycles of exploration, questioning, and application. Vygotsky viewed each child’s learning in terms of that child’s own ontogenetic development. Each experience of the child comes about as a result of the child’s prior experiences of problem-solving and problem resolution (Thomas, 1992, p. 323). Mitchell, a student of John Dewey, also emphasized the necessity of learning within the context of the group. She believed that education for a democratic society begins at a very young age and she placed great importance on young children learning to cooperate and operate within a group (McCarthy & Houston, 1980, p. 9). Carl Jung did a great deal of research and writing in the areas of variation of personality types, and his concepts lead us to believe that some individuals do their best work completely alone, even at a very young age. Carl Rogers also wrote about the importance of the individual contemplative experience. Like Maslow, Rogers as a humanistic psychologist believed in the importance of the human, individual aspect of learning. He saw learning as a change in self-organization. These learnings may be threatening and happen best in a psychologically safe, supportive environment (Rogers, 1969, p. 159). Although Rogers’ work primarily applied to the therapeutic counseling situation, it has great application to anyone dedicated to assisting others learn more about themselves. Role of the Teacher in the Learning Process Carl Rogers also had definite views on the nature of learning and the role of the teacher. He said that people learn by doing and by activities which involve the whole person (Rogers, 1969, p. 162). He contended that the most useful learning is the learning of the process of learning so that practical problems of living in a changing society may find successful solutions. According to Rogers and others who have followed similar philosophies, teachers are guides and facilitators. They set a creative, stimulating, supportive environment which enhances the child’s natural curiosity about life around him. The astute early childhood educator provides a variety of activities, objects, events, materials and people which will assist the children in channelling their innate drive to learn. The best teachers are current in the understandings of fads and characters that appeal to young children–television shows, favorite foods, clothing, and stories that are modern. Young children tune out adults who simply do not understand current culture. In this way, responsible teachers bring multicultural awareness into the classroom as well as information and materials relevant to their own ethnic background. Mixed classrooms provide an excellent opportunity to teach trust, respect, pride, appreciation of differences, and orderly group problem-solving (McCracken, 1993, p. 55). The teacher sets the tone for self acceptance and the acceptance of others. The effective early childhood teacher is an active learner, regardless of her own age, and this type of professional engages children in active participation with materials that are genuinely interesting to the children. This type of adult extends the child’s learning with skillful questioning and acceptance of error through experimentation. The well-versed teacher understands the various levels of cognitive learning, Piaget’s theories, and Blooms Taxonomy so that children are guided and encouraged, but never forced into an intellectual level that is not appropriate. Responsible early childhood teachers respect the individual styles of the students at all times, as well as the various cultures from which they originate. The emotional tone in the best early childhood environments is one of warmth, high self-esteem, and safety. Creative expression is welcomed, even if the forms prove to be highly unusual. Mitchell advocated creative expression of the whole child, through conversation, art, music, dance, and story-telling (McCarthy & Houston, 1980, p. 9). Cooperative learning and family involvement provide rich resources for respect among individuals and groups of a variety of different cultures. Skillful teachers in multicultural settings will recognize those values which must be basic (respect for the human body and rules for group interaction) and encourage the expression of the varieties and nuances specific to the individual ethnic group (McCracken, 1993, p. 65). Role of Peers in Learning The National Association for the Education of Young Children strongly advocates the guidance of social-emotional development in the classroom. Teachers have the responsibility for positive modeling, encouraging expected behavior, redirecting inappropriate actions, and setting clear limits. With this type of skilled teaching, children learn the social skills of cooperation, helping, negotiation, and verbal communication. In order for these important social skills to happen, teachers must depart from the traditional modes of instructing, placing children at individual desks, and spending a great deal of time as referee or punisher (Bredekamp, 1987, p. 55). CLASSROOM PRACTICES It is evident from the previous writing that effective teaching requires the logical, ethical translation of teaching philosophy into classroom implementation. Most importantly, all activities for young children must be developmentally appropriate to the age (Bredekamp & Rosegrant, 1992). This is true across the board in every subject matter and in every aspect of the child’s being–physical, emotional, social, cognitive, and spiritual. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION In order to be an effective early childhood teacher, I must know my own philosophy, limitations, prejudices, and strengths. In general, I prefer five-year olds, and honestly, I am more comfortable with students of this age who are from my own cultural background. I lean philosophically towards the concepts of Pestalozzi and Froebel as well as the humanistic psychologists who followed in this country. Most of all I strive to provide age-appropriate materials and experiences for the children. References Bredekamp, S. (1987). Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. Washington, D. C. : NAEYC. Bredekamp, S. , & Rosegrant, T. (Editors) (1992). Reaching potentials: Appropriate curriculum and assessment for young children, Volume 1. Washington, D. C. : NAEYC. DeVries, R. , & Kohlberg, L. (1987). Constructivism early education: Overview and comparison with other programs: Washington, D. C. : NAEYC. McCarthy, M. , & Houston, J. (1980). Fundamentals of early childhood education. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Winthrop Publishers. McCracken, J. B. (1993). Valuing diversity: The primary years. Washington, D. C. NAEYC. Rogers, C. (1969). Freedom to learn. Columbus, Ohio: Merrill. Thomas, R. M. (1992). Comparing theories of child development, Third Edition. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.